Invoice requirements: What businesses should include

Understanding invoice requirements can help drive efficient cash flow and foster transparent client relationships for all businesses.

Invoices are more than requests for payment. They're legal documents, historical records of sales and an important part of your financial workflow. By refining your invoicing process and understanding what an invoice should include, your business can avoid common pitfalls of unclear or incomplete invoices, such as delayed payments or disputed charges.

We'll cover the important elements that businesses should include in their invoices to help you streamline your operations and boost your bottom line.

What's in this article?

• What is an invoice?
  
• What are invoices used for?
  
• Invoice requirements: What to include on an invoice
  
• Invoice best practices: How to write an invoice
  
• Benefits of upholding strong invoicing practices
  

What is an invoice?

An invoice is a formal document that a business sends to a customer. It serves as a record of goods or services that the business has provided and includes a calculated total that the customer is obligated to pay. The transaction may be for products, services or a combination of both.

What are invoices used for?

The key purpose of an invoice is to provide a detailed account of the transaction between two parties, establishing the customer's obligation to pay the amount due. It also facilitates accurate bookkeeping for both parties, improving financial management and increasing transparency. Invoices play many important roles for businesses:

• Payment requests
  An invoice is a formal request for payment from the customer. It outlines the amount due for the goods or services provided by the business, facilitating the payment process.
• Revenue tracking
  Invoices are important tools for tracking sales and revenue. They provide a chronological record of business transactions, making it easier to monitor sales over time, identify seasonal trends and evaluate the performance of specific products or services.
• Financial management
  Accurate and timely invoicing is necessary for managing a company's cash flow. By issuing invoices promptly and following up on outstanding payments, businesses can maintain healthy liquidity levels.
• Record-keeping
  Invoices serve as an official record of a sale. They help businesses keep track of inventory, monitor client purchasing habits and manage account balances.
• Tax purposes
  Invoices are a central part of tax filing for businesses. They provide the necessary documentation to calculate revenue, apply tax deductions and substantiate expenses claimed on tax returns.
• Legal protection
  Invoices can also serve as a legal document in the event of disputes or audits. They provide a detailed account of transactions, which can be used to resolve payment disagreements or to verify financial activity during an audit.
• Customer communication
  Businesses often use invoices to communicate with their customers. They can be used to convey information about payment terms, contact details, or even to upsell or cross-promote other products or services.

Invoice requirements: What to include on an invoice

Effective invoices contain specific elements that fulfil legal requirements and make it easy for your clients to understand and pay. Here are the main components that businesses should include on an invoice:

• Header
  Make the word "invoice" clear and prominent at the top of the document to quickly identify it as such.
• Your business information
  Include your company name, business address, contact details (such as phone number or email address) and any other relevant information. If you have a company logo, display this in a professional way.
• Customer's business information
  Similar to your business information, you'll need to include the name, address and contact details of the client or business that you're billing.
• Invoice number
  Assign a unique identification number to each invoice. This helps both parties to reference the transaction in the future, in the event of a dispute.
• Invoice date
  State the invoice date, which is the date on which the invoice is issued. It's an important component in managing the payment schedule and understanding cash flow.
• Payment terms
  Clearly state the terms of payment. This could include the due date for payment, any early payment incentives, late payment penalties and the payment methods that you accept.
• Itemised list of goods or services
  Detail what the customer is being charged for. List each item or service separately, along with its description, quantity or hours, rate and the total amount for that line item.
• Subtotal
  Calculate and list the subtotal, which is the total amount due before any taxes or additional fees. It is the sum of all the line item amounts.
• Taxes, fees and discounts
  If applicable, list any sales tax, VAT, delivery fees or discounts. Each of these should be listed separately and added to or subtracted from the subtotal.
• Total amount due
  List the total amount due. This is the final amount that the client owes you, after adding taxes and fees to the subtotal, and subtracting any discounts.
• Notes
  You can use this optional section to provide additional information such as thank-you notes, reminders or other information pertinent to the transaction.

By including these elements, your invoice will meet professional standards and also provide your clients with all the information that they need to pay you promptly and accurately. It also ensures that you have a detailed record of all your transactions for future reference, bookkeeping, tax filing and any potential legal needs.

Invoice best practices: How to write an invoice

Writing an effective invoice involves more than simply adding the required elements. Here are some best practices to consider when creating an invoice:

• Be clear and concise: each component of your invoice should be simple and easy to understand. Ambiguity can lead to payment delays, so be as clear as possible about what each charge is for.
• Use professional formatting: your invoice should not only be functional but also professional. This speaks to the credibility of your business. Consistent spacing, readable fonts and a logical layout all contribute to an invoice's overall effectiveness.
• Employ unique invoice numbers: each invoice should have a unique number to make tracking easier. A common practice is to use sequential numbers, or you could incorporate dates or customer codes.
• Set clear payment terms: specify when the payment is due (for instance, upon receipt, 30 days, 60 days etc.) and the accepted forms of payment. The more convenient you make it for your customers, the faster you're likely to be paid.
• Itemise services or products: detailing each service or product on a separate line makes it easier for customers to understand what they are paying for and less likely that they'll dispute the charges.
• Apply taxes and discounts correctly: if applicable, calculate taxes, fees and discounts carefully, and add or subtract them from the subtotal to determine the total amount due.
• Be polite: a little courtesy can go a long way. Include a brief thank-you note or message to your customer. A polite gesture like this can foster better relationships and potentially prompt quicker payments.
• Send promptly: send your invoices as soon as possible after providing goods or services. The quicker an invoice is sent, the sooner you are likely to be paid.
• Follow up: if payment is not received by the due date, follow up with a friendly reminder. This can be done through an email, call or another reminder invoice.
• Keep copies: it's good practice to keep copies of all invoices. This can be useful for financial management, tax purposes and in the event of any transaction disputes.

Benefits of upholding strong invoicing practices

Invoicing practices are an important part of business operations. They contribute to a company's financial health, as well as successful customer relationships. Upholding strong invoicing practices offers many benefits:

• Improving cash flow management
  Strong invoicing practices increase cash flow directly, which matters for any business. By issuing invoices promptly and with clear payment terms, companies can expect a faster payment turnaround, reducing the gap between the expenditure on goods or services provided and the income received. This ensures that businesses have the necessary funds to cover operational costs, pay employees and invest in inventory or resources. It also reduces the need for credit lines or loans, which can save on interest and increase financial stability.
• Increasing customer satisfaction
  Clear, accurate and professional invoicing practices can increase customer satisfaction. Include a detailed breakdown of costs, taxes and the total amount due, as well as multiple payment options for added convenience. Providing customers with all the information they need to process payments shows respect for their time and money, and strengthens their trust in the company – both of which lead to repeat business and referrals. Satisfied customers are more likely to pay promptly, which further improves cash flow and reduces the administrative burden of following up on late payments.
• Enhancing your professional image
  In the business world, details matter. The design, clarity and precision of your invoice reflects on your overall business. Customers will perceive a well-crafted invoice as a sign of a well-run organisation, reinforcing your professional image. This can boost customer confidence in your business and set a high standard for your transactions. What's more, a consistent invoice format that includes your branding (logo, brand colours, business name etc.) helps enhance your brand identity and visibility.
• Facilitating timely payments
  A clear and comprehensive invoice reduces the likelihood of misunderstandings or queries from your customers, which are often reasons for payment delays. By specifying the payment terms, due dates and accepted payment methods, you can set clear expectations for when and how you expect to be paid. Issuing invoices promptly after a sale, along with polite reminders for overdue payments, also encourages your clients to prioritise settling their dues.
• Managing your financial records
  A well-prepared invoice is an important record of your sales. Unique invoice numbers help you to reference and track transactions easily. A detailed itemisation of goods or services provides a better oversight of your revenue streams, helping you to identify which products or services are most profitable. In addition, keeping copies of all invoices can simplify bookkeeping, making it easier to track income, reconcile accounts, and prepare financial statements or tax returns.

The content in this article is for general information and education purposes only and should not be construed as legal or tax advice. Stripe does not warrant or guarantee the accuracy, completeness, adequacy, or currency of the information in the article. You should seek the advice of a competent lawyer or accountant licensed to practise in your jurisdiction for advice on your particular situation.